To all my students in English 2, the following should be downloaded to be discussed on February 16 (Wedenesday). Thank you very much.
AUTHOR DATE METHOD OF CITATION
The following examples are based on the Publication Manual of the APA (2001).
Single Author
1. The year of publication is cited in parenthesis if the author’s name appears in the textual discussion.
Example:
Villanueva (2008) stated that photosynthesis …
2. If the sentence construction does not require the use of the authority’s name, the author’s name and year of publication are cited in parenthesis, separated by a comma.
Example:
Photosynthesis is a process of making food by the use of sunlight (Villanueva, 2008).
3. No further reference is required when both the year and the author’s name are given in the text.
Example:
In 2008, Villanueva noted that photosynthesis is a process of making food through the use of sunlight.
4. When specific information is given, insert the page number.
Example:
The advantages of having an English Language Program are summarized by Villanueva (2008).
Language learning in the communicative environment of the content classroom furthers the goals of language teaching by offering a context for language (p.3).
5. If quotations are used, the following should serve as guidelines in the citation.
Short quotations – three lines or less, with quotation marks, and run into the text.
Quotation marks should be used if the quoted matter is somewhere in the middle of a sentence.
Example:
Photosynthesis which may be defined as the “process of making food through the use of sunlight” (Villanueva, 2008), is a very important biological process.
Quotation marks should also be used if the quotation is at the end of a sentence.
Example:
Photosynthesis is defined as the “process of making food through the use of sunlight” (Villanueva, 2008).
Long quotations – if it is four or more lines, it should be single – spaced and indented. It is written in a new paragraph and no quotation marks are used. The source is given in parenthesis after the final period.
Example:
The data shows that a good number of students use ‘word attack’ in analyzing the unknown word by its root words and affixes. Castro and Villanueva disclosed that:
Examining the internal, morphological features of a word, like prefixes, suffixes, and root words is also one of the techniques that could help a reader infer the meaning of a word (February 19, 2008, p. 3).
Multiple Authors
1. For works with two authors, both names of authors are mentioned every time reference is made in the text. For works with three or more authors, all names are mentioned the first time the reference is made, for subsequent references, only the surname of the first author is mentioned followed by et. al. and the year of publication.
Example:
Castro, Villanueva and Del Tierro (2008) mentioned … (first reference)
Castro et. al. (2008) mentioned …
2. If there is no author in the text citation, use the first two or three words of the entry in the reference list (usually the title).
Example:
In the first group, the students, are found out to be more visual than auditory (Language Studies, 2008, p.9).
Two or more works of the same author are cited in chronological order separated by commas. The suffixes a, b, c etc. are used for works published in the same year.
Example:
Recent studies (Villanueva, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005) show
Recent studies (Villanueva, 2000, 2001a, 2001b, 2003, 2004, 2005) show
3. If many authors are cited at the same point in the text, author’s surnames are arranged alphabetically, separated by semi – colon, and enclosed in one pair of parenthesis if all these authors are cited at the same point in the text.
Example:
Recent studies (Castro, 2000; Del Tierro, 2005; Villanueva, 2007) have shown…
